Blood Glucose Tests and Medication

split Glucose Tests and practice of medicineDefinitionA bank line glucose testing measures the amount of a role of chicken feed (glucose) in the kind. Glucose comes fromcarbohydrate foods. It is the main source of energy used by the body.Insulinhormone helps the cells of the body use the glucose. Insulin uncoverd by thepancreasand loosend into the decline line when the amount of glucose in the affinity rises.In the average conditions personal line of credit glucose levels ar slightly high by and by eating. This ontogeny makes the pancreas to release insulin so that the business glucose levels dont get to a fault high. daub glucose levels that remain high over time prat damage the eyes, kidneys, poise and demarcation vessels.The importance of this testThis test is used to evaluate blood glucose levels. It whitethorn be used to diagnose or hide for diabetes and to superintend control in unhurrieds who bring in diabetes.Most dietary carbohydrate lastly ends u p as glucose in the blood. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen for entrepot by the liver and skeletal muscles after meals. Glycogen is gradually gloomy down to glucose and released into the blood by the liver between meals. Excess glucose is converted to triglyceride for energy storage.The major hormone regulating glucose concentration in the body is insulin (although other hormones such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol also affect it).Glucose levels ar measured to diagnose diabetes or to monitor adequacy of diabetic control. Diabetes is a very common disease affects about 2% of the general tribe results from insulin deficiency or insensitivity by the body to the level of insulin present. tidy sum with type 1 diabetes require daily injections of insulin to control their disease. Injection of too much or too little insulin can be risky because there is a limited clench of blood profits levels in which the brain can function radiation patternly.Types of blood glucos e testsFasting blood sugar (FBS)measures blood glucose after you have not eaten for at least 8-10 hours. It very much is the first test done to check fordiabetes.2-hour postprandial blood sugarmeasures blood glucose exactly 2 hours after you eat a meal.Random blood sugar (RBS)Several random measurements taken throughout the day. Random testing is efficacious because glucose levels in healthy people do not vary widely throughout the day.Oral glucose leeway test A blood test done to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Its also done to diagnose hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or a malabsorption syndrome in which sugar is not absorbed justly through the intestines into the bloodstream.The test was designed originally to determine the tolerance for the sugar glucose. Tolerance refers to the bodys ability to handle (tolerate) glucose.The test depends on a get along of factorsThe ability of the intestine to absorb glucose,The power of the liver to take up and store glucose,The capacity of the pancreas to produce insulin,The amount of active insulin it producesThe sensitivity of the cells in the body to the action of insulin.Fasting overnight is important for this test and the patient is given 100 grams of glucose by mouth and then your blood glucose levels ar monitored for 3 hours. Normally, the blood glucose should return to normal within 2 to 2 hours. The outcome of the test may indicateNormal glucose tolerance irregular glucose toleranceDepressed glucose tolerance in which the blood glucose peaks sharply ahead declining s get off then usual to normal levels as in Diabetes mellitusincrease glucose tolerance in which the blood glucose levels peak at refuse than normal levels as in the Malabsorption syndrome, Insulinoma (an insulin-producing tumor)Since the dose of glucose is taken by mouth, the test is sometimes called an oral glucose tolerance test.This test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes that occurs during maternity (gestational diabetes).GlycosuriaGlycosur ia refers to sugar in the urine. Less than 0.1% of glucose normally filtered by the glomeruli appears in the urine, and slight than 130 mg should appear in the urine over a 24-hour period.Glucose is present in glomerular filtrate but is reabsorbed by the kidneys proximal tubule. If the blood glucose level exceeds the capacity of the tubules to reabsorb all the glucose present in the glomerular filtrate, the nephritic threshold is reached and glucose spills into the urine. Finding of glycosuria indicates hyperglycemic or let down renal threshold for glucose.The renal threshold for glucose is 160 to 190mg/dl of blood glucose does not appear in the urine until the blood glucose rises above this level.Glycosuria may be a normal finding, such as after eating a heavy meal or during times of emotional stress.Some individuals have a benign condition in which they have a lower than usual renal threshold for glucose (120 mg %), but have normal blood glucose levels.In pregnancy, the renal t hreshold for glucose may be lowered so that small amounts of glycosuria may be present. Patients on hyperalimentation may have glycosuria if the carbohydrate solution is being infused faster than the pancreas can produce insulin. The most common reason for glycosuria is diabetes mellitus. Urine glucose tests are used to screen for diabetes, to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes, or to monitor diabetic control.Blood sugar test resultsNormal Resultsfasting plasma glucose test 55-109 mg/dLoral glucose tolerance test at two hours slight than 140 mg/dLglycated hemoglobin 3-6 percentfructosamine 1.6-2.7 mmol/L for adults (5% lower for children)gestational diabetes screening test less than 140 mg/dLurine glucose (random semi quantitative) negativeAbnormal resultsA fasting blood glucose level is 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher.A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result is 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher.Symptoms of diabetes are present and a random blood glucose test is 200 mg/dL (11.1 mm ol/L) or higher.If your fasting blood glucose level measures in the range of 100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L) to 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L), you are considered to havepre diabetes.Many forms of severe stress (for example, trauma, stroke, heart attack, and surgery) can temporarily increase glucose levels.Drugs that can increase glucose measurements include the followingCorticosteroidsDiureticsEpinephrineGlucagonEpinephrine It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing catabolism of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and also begins to break lipids in fat cells.Glucagon Glucagon causes an increase in blood glucose, by stimulating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and facilitating glucose release from hepatocytes. Low blood glucose stimulates the alpha cells of pancrease to release glugacon.Corticosteroids These increase blood glucose by inducing glucose release from hepatocytes and inhibiting glucose uptake by cells by decreasing GLU-4. Corticosteroids stimulate gluconeogenesis and glucagon secre tion (that increases blood glucose).Drugs that can drop-off glucose measurements include the following alcoholic drinkAnabolic steroidsClofibrateMAOS inhibitorAlcohol later on the ingestion of the food, the body turns the food to sugar or glucose. The pancreas produces insulin to help discover the glucose into the bodys cells for energy use.When insulin is working effectively blood sugar levels are stable. Alcohol has the ability to lower blood sugar levels. For those who are on insulin, this can be dangerous because the combination of insulin and alcohol can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Low blood sugar levels can lead to swoon and possible death.Sources Usedhttp//www.walgreens.com/marketing/library/graphics/images/en/19211.jpgFrom the depicted object Institute of Healthhttp//www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3611http//themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/images/glucosetolerancetest.jpgFischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2004). Manual of research laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 7th ed. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.http//www.labtestsonline.org.uk/understanding/analytes/glucose/test.htmlhttp//www.rnceus.com/ua/uagly.htmlChernecky, Cynthia C., and Barbara J. Berger. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 3rd ed. Philadelphia Saunders, 2001.